Academic Purposes English

Question: Does recruiting an occasion organizer guarantee the achievement of the occasion? Answer: Occasion organizers are the experts who design and execute enormous scope occasions, for example, shows, shows, celebrations, formal gatherings, functions, meetings or shows. This procedure of occasion creation and improvement through cautious arranging and coordination is alluded as occasion arranging or occasion the executives. Along these lines exposition will manage the inquiry does recruiting an occasion organizer to guarantee the accomplishment of the occasion? As I would like to think, it is important to employ an occasion organizer to make the occasion fruitful and vital. These experts apply their abilities and coordinations to deal with all the viewpoints identified with recreational, relaxation, diversion and recreational occasions as indicated by the specialized topic. They proficiently manage setting determination, seller coordination, occasion showcasing, planning, settlement, transportation, floor the executives, innovative structure, and numerous others. Their experien ce and immense information help in acquiring thundering achievement. A few people feel that there is no need of recruiting an occasion organizer to make it fruitful (Wahab et al. 2014). Presently the inquiry emerges that would they say they are equipped for conveying what they need to accomplish from the occasion? No, it is beyond the realm of imagination except if the person have all the administrative and organizing abilities that an occasion organizer has. Then again, Event organizers have inventive style and are sorted out on their work with an eye for detail. Proficient occasion organizers are exceptionally knowledgeable about their separate zones (Hall et al. 2012). They have assembled solid and confided involved with the providers, sellers, and partners required for an effective occasion. As indicated by Silvers and Goldblatt (2012), those associations and gatherings are fruitful who work together with others; delineate every one of their partners; screen and measure their demeanor and commitment; and keep up a decent connection with them. For instance, arranging an unrecorded music show requires managing the advertisers who books the groups and arranges the presentation contracts. It incorporates various duties, for example, booking the setting, advancing the band or a gig through online life, radio or papers, sifting through the hardware behind the stage. They are very much aware of the regions where cost can be decreased and astutely plan the spending plan. This sets aside the customers cash (Lee 2014). The equivalent may not be the situation when a common individual needs to oversee such occasions themselves. They don't have comparable teaming up aptitudes. They may wind up in a budgetary misfortune with over costs because of the little system of confided in providers and sellers (Yeoman et al. 2012). In this way, without employing the occasion organizer, it is hard to fill the need of the occasion effectively. Occasion the executives requires understanding and information notwithstanding readiness (Silvers and Goldbl att 2012). Without rehearsing occasion arranging at an expert level, individual may fizzle in their exertion. Despite what might be expected, employing occasion organizers guarantees accomplishment as in light of the fact that after some time, they increase tremendous experience and information with respect to shows and meetings (Getz 2012). They are refreshed with the most recent patterns, keen planning procedures, hot hues, freshest settings, lighting gear, changing open decisions about stage dcor and structures. They endeavor to address every one of these components (Lee 2014). They have the correct disposition which guarantees achievement. Directly from the day of the occasions origination to trying it, the organizer plays out all the exercises identified with the occasion in an intelligent and successive way. Proficient occasion organizers are keen in investigating danger and insider facts to moderate them in a cool way (Palmer 2013). Individuals who are not specialists in this field may h ave a similar measure of information yet not equivalent experience. They will neglect to locate the correct provider for the occasion (Matthews 2015). They can't convey the undertakings with a similar flawlessness as the occasion organizers. They face intense circumstance being caught off guard for chance administration. Information and data through books and the web nonetheless, doesn't give understanding. Such individuals don't know about the moral, lawful and money related issues that may emerge during occasion arranging and approaches to handle (Winkelmann et al. 2016). Therefore, the occasion will be fruitless as they neglect to keep the circumstance from turning out badly. The experience will help in accomplishing flawlessness. The achievement of an occasion likewise relies upon arranging and time the board. Non-proficient occasion organizers have a demeanor of it isn't too difficult to be in any way an organizer and it is this easygoing quality that brings disappointment (Preston 2012). They need abilities to finish, affirm and check all the undertakings before the occasion is conveyed and wind up being fruitless. Time the board turns out to be progressively troublesome when an individual is occupied with an all day work alongside close to home duties. Thusly, it increases the feelings of anxiety as they can't devote themselves completely towards the occasion arranging (Getz 2012). Then again, an expert occasion trough is committed towards their work, as it is their activity all things considered. They guarantee on time conveyance of occasion and inside spending plan (Alexander et al. 2012). The occasion organizers help their customers stay peaceful by assuming all the liability on their shoulders. They ably lead the specialized group, by circulating them the occasions course of events. The organizers apportion the particular errands of the crewmembers, transfer the important data and guarantee that everybody carefully adheres to the given directions. All that the customer needs to do is kick back and appreciate the occasion (Yeoman et al. 2012). In this manner, it is important to recruit the occasion organizer as opposed to overseeing ourselves. Promoting of occasion is effective just if occasion organizers are recruited. The householders or low maintenance laborers don't have fantastic showcasing aptitudes required in an occasion. The accomplishment of the occasion relies upon the classification of the event and degree of its advertising (Preston 2012). For instance, corporate occasions, item special occasions, sports or some other mindfulness related event do require promoting (Silvers and Goldblatt 2012). Likewise, these occasions have an alternate list if people to attend. Consequently, to guarantee all the ideal and well known visitors turn up for the reason, exposure is must (Wahab et al. 2014). It incorporates refreshing the web based life, publicizing through papers or radio, banner structuring, and logo planning. Visual originators are enlisted for the assignment of amassing pictures and typography (Palmer 2013). An occasion organizer is constantly arranged with significant devices, information, and huge system to acquire a thundering achievement (Preston 2012). By recruiting the occasion org anizer, customers meet the chance to do compelling systems administration and recollected by the visitors for a long haul. It is the occasion organizer who does all the truly difficult work, so that, the customers get the chance to set up a good impression according to their visitor. Subsequently, they make the occasion fruitful (Hall et al. 2012). Convincingly, recruiting the occasion organizer guarantees the accomplishment of the occasion. The article has introduced a few advantages that individuals get by employing proficient occasion organizers. It is apparent from the conversation that the accomplishment of the occasion relies upon the expert occasion administrators. Individuals who would prefer not to enlist occasion organizers, must consider the above-examined factors, the geniuses, and cons, and have comparable credits to figure out how to pull it off. In any case, it is beyond the realm of imagination, as one must devote totally to accomplish comparable experience, information, inventive energy, hierarchical and initiative abilities as that of the expert occasion organizers. In this way they can't make the occasion fruitful. If I somehow happened to oversee occasion I can't perform task arranging, time the board, asset the executives and account the board so coherently as experts. It is no advanced science, and one can develop these abilities just by complete commitment to their work and contributing time. Proficient organizers, in contrast to the standard open, have tremendous experience increased after some time, which they use to moderate the potential, hazards and can adapt to the lawful and budgetary issues prudently. An occasion organizer is constantly arranged with applicable devices, information and huge system to get a thundering achievement. To put it plainly, by employing the occasion organizers individuals can sit and appreciate the occasion knowing its prosperity is unavoidable. References Alexander, A.C., Kim, D.Y. what's more, Groves, J., 2012, January. Individual and hierarchical qualities are impacting occasion organizers' impression of data substance and channel decision. InJournal of Convention Event Tourism(Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 16-38). Taylor Francis Group. Chiu, Y.Y., 2014. A Study of Satisfaction Towards Event Marketing Audience Participation and Urban Identity-Examplified by the 2013 World Sports Dance Conference. Getz, D., 2012. Occasion considers: Discourses and future directions.Event Management,16(2), pp.171-187. Corridor, T.P., Harlow, U.K., Wolf, P. what's more, Wolf, J., 2012. Occasion arranging made simple: 7 straightforward strides to making your business or private occasion a tremendous achievement: from the industrys top occasion organizers. Lee, S.E., 2014. Fruitful occasion the executives: a reasonable handbook.Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events,6(3), pp.273-274. Matthews, D., 2015.Special occasion creation: The assets. Routledge. Palmer, R., 2013. Fruitful Event Management: A Practical Handbook.Library Management. Preston, C., 2012.Event advertising: how to effectively advance occasions, celebrations, shows, and compositions. Wiley. Silvers, J.R. what's more, Goldblatt, J., 2012.Professional occasion coordination(Vol. 62). John Wiley Sons. Wahab, S., Shahibi, M.S., Ali, J., Bakar, S.A. what's more, Amrin, A.N.A., 2014. The Influence of Leaders Orientation on Event Management Success: Event Crews Perception.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,109, pp.497-501. Winkelmann, S., Dickenson, P., Souchon, A.L., Lee, N. what's more, Michaelidou, N

anselm;s proslogion Essay Example For Students

anselm;s proslogion Essay Back to Medieval Source BookANSELM ON GODS EXISTENCEGods presence was somewhat evident for medieval scholars. They essentially realized he existed. All things considered, they endeavored to demonstrate his reality at any rate, and the essential procedures utilized by them are the ones utilized each since. Here two methodologies are introduced. The first, by Anselm, is maybe the most astounding. While it has not been such mainstream with the normal adherent, it has interested logicians, and even today there are decent savants who acknowledge it. Anselm himself is similarly captivating, since he joined the apparently unique jobs of holy person, religious pioneer, and significant rationalist. He was conceived in 1033 close Aosta, which is presently in Italy. At the age of twenty-three he squabbled with his dad and started a time of meandering through France on what appears to have taken after an instructive amazing visit. In the wake of attempting the schools at Fleury-sur-Loire and Chartres, he showed up at the Benedictine nunnery of Bec, which was getting a charge out of a phenomenal notoriety on account of Lanfranc, who filled in as both earlier and ace of its school. Anselm entered the monastery as a beginner in 1060 and quickly rose to prominence. When Lanfranc moved to the new religious community established at Caen in 1063 by William, the Duke of Normandy, Anselm got earlier at Bec, a position he held until he became abbot in 1078. At that point William the Duke had become William the Conqueror and was revamping England . He had brought Lanfranc over as Archbishop of Canterbury, and when Lanfranc kicked the bucket William Rufus, who had succeeded William the Conqueror as lord of England, imported Anselm to be the new ecclesiastical overseer. Anselm showed up in 1093 and nearly from the second he contacted English soil he was battling with William to increase clerical opportunity from illustrious control. By 1097 he was leading the fight from banish, and was permitted to return just in 1100, when William Rufus was prevailing by Henry I. He showed signs of improvement with Henry, notwithstanding, and in 1103 was back in a state of banishment, returning just in 1107 when the obstinate lord and similarly difficult ecclesiastical overseer worked out a trade off that turned into the standard equation for settling church-state fights in the twelfth century. Anselm kicked the bucket in 1109. In the event that Anselm made certain of himself in clerical governmental issues, he was similarly so in philosophy. His partner and biographer Eadmer gives an astoundingly telling deathbed scene. It was Palm Sunday, and one of those grouped around Anselms bed commented that it looked as though the ecclesiastical overseer would observe Easter with God, Anselm answered, Well, if that is the thing that God needs Ill happily obey him, yet in the event that he likes to let me remain here long enough to tackle the issue of the birthplace of the spirit (which Ive been pondering an incredible arrangement recently) I would appreciatively acknowledge that chance, since I question on the off chance that any other person will understand it once Im gone. Something ought to be said about the scholarly atmosphere in Anselms time. The primary clash in the eleventh century was between the individuals who considered philosophy to be minimal more than Bible editorial and the individuals who felt that discerning investigation and contention was required. The main gathering contended that God was such a riddle, so mentally out of reach, that we could plan to discuss him at all just in the representative language he himself had thoughtfully given us for that reason. Nor might we be able to hope to get past that language, to surmise different facts from it by reason. Anselms works place him safely in the subsequent gathering. As he proposes toward the start of the Proslogion, sin has so obscured our psyches that we can't want to arrive at reality except if God charitably drives us to it. He does as such by offering us reality through disclosure and by motivating us to acknowledge that disclosure in confidence. When we acknowledge reality on th at premise, notwithstanding, we can would like to reason out evidences for what we have just acknowledged through confidence. God is discerning, and what he does is judicious, and we ourselves are honored with reason. In this way we ought to have the option to find the reasonability of Gods activities, at any rate somewhat. We resemble understudies who, unfit to take care of a scientific issue, are offered the response to it and afterward find they can reason out why that answer is right. In the event that later scholars got themselves uncomfortable with this methodology, it was on the grounds that they presumed that even the most splendid understudy couldn't be relied upon to work out the issue very just as Anselm suspected he had. In his other significant work, the Cur Deus Homo (Why God Became Man), he offers a clarification for the Christs manifestation and torturous killing which basically contends that God needed to do it that way since it was the main intelligent course he could follow, given the awesome properties of power and equity. God needed to reclaim mankind or, in all likelihood the endless purposes for this it had been made would have been foiled and Gods transcendence would have been undermined; yet mankind likewise must be rebuffed for the fall or, in all likelihood Gods equity would have been undermined. Anselms contention which clarified the course of sacrosanct history in expansive layout as well as in horrendous detail made the entire thing truly available to human explanation, maybe excessively open. Later scholars presumed that the levelheadedness was accomplished by catching God inside the sound structures of the made world. In the last investigation God wasnt particularly like us, and we couldnt clarify his activities by accepting he needed to adhere to similar standards we do. Abelard, composing fairly later, proposed that the world was, all things considered, Gods creation and he could do however he wanted it. In the event that he needed to excuse mankind, why couldnt he basically pardon it? PROSLOGIONChapter 1: Encouraging the Mind to Contemplate GodCome on now little man, escape from your common occupations for some time, escape from your turbulent considerations. Drop your difficult cares and put off your relentless efforts. Give yourself over to God for a brief period, and rest for some time in Him. Go into the cell of your psyche, shut out everything with the exception of God and whatever encourages you to look f or Him once the entryway is closed. Talk now, my heart, and state to God, I look for your face; your face, Lord, I seek.Come on at that point, my Lord God, show my heart where and how to look for you, where and how to discover you. Master, on the off chance that you are not here, where will I discover you? Assuming, nonetheless, you are all over the place, for what reason do I not see you here? Be that as it may, positively you stay in unavailable light. Also, where is that out of reach light? Or on the other hand how would I arrive at it? Or then again who will lead me to it and into it, with the goal that I can see you in it? And afterward by what signs, under what face will I look for you? I have never observed you, my Lord God, or known your face. What will I do, Highest Lord, what will this outcast do, ousted a long way from you as he may be? What should your hireling do, urgent as he is for your adoration yet thrown away from your face? He aches to see you, but your face is ex cessively far away from him. He needs to come to you, but then your residence is inaccessible. He longs to find you, and he doesn't have a clue where you are. He pines for to look for you, and doesn't have the foggiest idea how to remember you. Master, you are my Lord and my God, and I have never observed you. You have made me and sustained me, given me each beneficial thing I have ever gotten, I despite everything don't have any acquaintance with you. I was made to see you, I despite everything have not done the thing I was made to do. Gracious, how hopeless keeps an eye on part is the point at which he has lost what he was made for! Gracious how hard and critical was that destruction! Too bad, what did he lose and what did he find? What was removed and what remains? He has lost delight for which he was made, and he has discovered wretchedness for which he was not made. That without which he can't be upbeat has been removed, and that remaining parts which in itself can just make him hopeless. In those days man ate the bread of holy messengers for which he currently cravings, and now he eats the bread of distresses which he didn't know in those days. Oh dear for the normal sadness of man, the widespread grievance of Adams children! He burped in his satiety, while we murmur in our need. He was rich, we are poor people. He cheerfully had and hopelessly surrendered, we despondently need and wretchedly want, yet oh dear, we stay vacant. Why, since it would have been simple for him, did he not keep what we so unfortunate ly need? For what reason did he deny us of light, and spread us with haziness? For what reason did he remove life from us and perpetrate demise? From what have we poor heels been removed, and toward what are we being driven? From what have we been thrown down, in what covered? From our mother country into oust, from the vision of God into visual impairment. From the bliss of interminability into the sharpness and ghastliness of death. What a hopeless change! From such a great amount of good into so much abhorrent! An overwhelming physical issue, a substantial, overwhelming sorrow. I have come to you as a poor man to a rich one, as a poor rich to a tolerant provider. May I not return unfilled and dismissed! Also, in the event that I murmur before I eat (Job 3:4), when I have moaned give me something to eat. Master, turned in (incurvatus) as I am I can just look down, so raise me up with the goal that I can gaze upward. My injustices piled on my head spread me over and overload me lik e a substantial burden (Ps. 37:5). Uncover me and set me free before the pit made by them closes its jaws over me (Ps. 67:16).Let me see your light, regardless of whether I see it from far off or from the profundities. Instruct me to look for you, and uncover yourself to this searcher. For I can't look for you except if you show me how, nor would i be able to discover you except if you demonstrate yourself to me. Let me look for you in wanting you, and want you in looking for you. Let me discover you in cherishing you and love you in discovering you. I recognize, Lord, and I express gratefulness that you have made in me this your picture, with the goal that I can recollect you, consider you and love you. Yet, it is so eroded by sins, so smeared over by the smoke of sins, that it can't do what it was made to do except if you recharge and change

The Great Trade Collapse: What Caused It and What Does It Mean

The extraordinary exchange breakdown: What caused it and I don't get it's meaning? Richard Baldwin 27 November 2009 World exchange encountered an abrupt, extreme, and synchronized breakdown in late 2008 †the most keen in written history and most profound since WWII. This digital book †composed for the world's exchange pastors gathering for the WTO's Trade Ministerial in Geneva †presents the financial matters calling's gotten shrewdness on the breakdown. Two dozen sections, composed by driving financial experts from over the globe, sum up the most recent research on the reasons for the breakdown just as its results and the possibilities for recovery.According to the developing accord, the breakdown was brought about by the abrupt, serious and internationally synchronized delay of buys, particularly of solid purchaser and venture merchandise (and their parts and segments). The effect was intensified by â€Å"compositional† and â€Å"synchronicity† impacts i n which worldwide gracefully chains assumed a focal job. The â€Å"great exchange collapse† happened between the second from last quarter of 2008 and the second quarter of 2009. Signs are that it has finished and recuperation has started, however it was enormous †the steepest fall of world exchange written history and the most profound fall since the Great Depression.The drop was abrupt, extreme, and synchronized. A couple of realities legitimize the name: The Great Trade Collapse. It was extreme and abrupt Global exchange has dropped before †multiple times since WWII †yet this is by a long shot the biggest. As Figure 1 shows, worldwide exchange succumbed to at any rate seventy five percent during three of the overall downturns that have happened since 1965 †the oil-stun downturn of 1974-75, the swelling vanquishing downturn of 1982-83, and the Tech-Wreck downturn of 2001-02.Specifically: †¢The 1982 and 2001 drops were similarly mellow, with developme nt from the past year’s quarter coming to - 5% and no more. †¢The 1970s occasion was twice that size, with development bumbling to - 11%. †¢Today breakdown is a lot of more regrettable; for two quarters in succession, world exchange streams have been 15% beneath their earlier year levels. The OECD has month to month information on its members’ genuine exchange for as far back as 533 months; the 7 greatest month-on-month drops among the 533 all happened since November 2008 (see the section by Sonia Araujo and Joaquim Oliveira).Figure 1 The extraordinary exchange breakdown verifiable point of view, 1965 †2009 Source: OECD Quarterly genuine exchange information. The incredible exchange breakdown isn't as extensive as that of the Great Depression, yet it is a lot more extreme. It took two years in the Great Depression for world exchange to fall the extent that it fell in the 9 months from November 2008 (Figure 2). The most recent information in the figure (s till fairly primer) proposes a recuperation is in progress. Figure 2 The incredible exchange breakdown versus the Great Depression Source: Eichengreen and O’Rourke (2009), in light of CPB online information for latest.It was synchronized †¢All 104 countries on which the WTO reports information encountered a drop in the two imports and fares during the second 50% of 2008 and the main portion of 2009. †¢Figure 3 shows how imports and fares fallen for the EU27 and 10 different countries that together record for seventy five percent of world exchange; every one of these exchange streams dropped by over 20% from 2008Q2 to 2009Q2; many fell 30% or more. Figure 3 The incredible exchange breakdown, 2008 Q2 to 2009 Q2 Sources: WTO online database.Figure 4 shows that world exchange practically all item classifications were certain in 2008Q2, practically all were negative in 2008Q4, and all where negative in 2009Q1. The classes generally set apart by universal flexibly chains (Mechanical and electrical hardware, Precision instruments, and Vehicles) saw probably the greatest drops, and nitty gritty empirics in the section by Bems, Johnson and Yi finds that gracefully chains were hit more diligently controlling for different components. The graph, nonetheless, shows that the falls were in no way, shape or form phenomenal enormous in these sectors.Figure 4 All sorts of merchandise exchange fallen at the same time Source: Comtrade database. Fabricates and products Trade fallen no matter how you look at it, yet it is essential to recognize wares and makes. The breakdown in minerals and oil exchange began from a blast time and fell quicker than complete exchange (Figure 5). The explanation was costs. Food, materials and particularly oil encountered a lofty run up in cost in mid 2008; the blast finished in mid 2008 †a long time before the September 2008 Lehman’s catastrophe. The cost of fabricates, on the other hand, was fairly consistent in this pe riod (Figure 6).Figure 5 The incredible exchange breakdown and qualities: Food, oil, and makes Source: ITC online database. Since food, energizes, and crude materials make up about a fourth of worldwide exchange, these value developments bigly affected total exchange figures. Nations subject to ware sends out, specifically oil exporters, were among those that accomplished the best drop in sends out (see the sections Africa by Peter Draper and Gilberto Biacuana, and by Leonce Ndikumana and Tonia Kandiero, and on India by Rajiv Kumar and Dony Alex).The drop in makes exchange was additionally huge, yet it included generally amount decreases. Exporters having some expertise in tough merchandise produces saw an especially sharp decrease in their fares (see sections on Japan by Ruyhei Wakasugi and by Kiyoyasu Tanaka). Mexico, which is both an oil exporter and a member in the US’s producing gracefully chain, experienced one of the world’s most serious exchange droops (see sec tion by Ray Robertson). Figure 6 The incredible exchange breakdown and costs: Commodity versus fabricates Source: CPB online database. CausesThe extraordinary exchange breakdown was activated by †and helped spread †the worldwide monetary droop that has come to be called â€Å"The Great Recession. 1 As the left board of Figure 7 shows, the OECD countries slipped into downturn in this period, with the biggest bringing in business sectors †the US, EU and Japan (the G3) †seeing their GDP development fall pretty much in synchronize. The US and Europe saw negative GDP development paces of 3 to 4%; Japan was hit far more regrettable. Figure 7 The present downturn, OECD countries and G3, 2007Q1 †2009Q2 Note: G3 is US, EU and Japan. Source: OECD online information base.Why did exchange fall far beyond GDP? Given the worldwide downturn, a drop in worldwide exchange is obvious. The inquiry is: Why was it so large? The part via Caroline Freund shows that during the fou r enormous, after war downturns (1975, 1982, 1991, and 2001) world exchange dropped 4. multiple times more than GDP (additionally observe Freund 2009). This time the drop was far, far bigger. From a recorded point of view (Figure 8), the drop is shocking. The figure demonstrates the exchange to-GDP proportion rising steeply in the late 1990s, before deteriorating in the new century straight up to the incredible exchange breakdown 2008.The ascent during the 1990s is clarified by various variables including exchange advancement. A key driver, be that as it may, was the foundation of global flexibly chains (fabricating was geologically unbundled with different cuts of the worth included procedure being set in close by countries). This unbundling implied that a similar worth included crossed fringes a few times. In a basic worldwide flexibly chain, imported parts would be changed into sent out segments which were thusly amassed into conclusive merchandise and traded once more, so the ex change figures tallied the last worth included a few times.As we will see, the existences of these profoundly coordinated and firmly synchronized creation systems assumes a significant job in the idea of the incredible exchange breakdown (see sections by Rudolfs Bems, Robert Johnson, and Kei-Mu Yi, and by Andrei Levchenko, Logan Lewis, and Linda Tesar). Figure 8 World exchange to world GDP proportion, 1980Q1 to 2009Q2 Source: World imports from OECD online information base; World GDP dependent on IMF information. Developing agreement on the causes Economists around the globe have been striving to comprehend the reasons for this abnormally huge and unexpected shut down of worldwide trade.The dozen sections in Part II of this book sum up all the key research †its greater part done by the writers themselves. They don't all concede to all focuses, however an agreement is rising. At the point when deals drop forcefully †and the incredible exchange breakdown was an enormous drop in worldwide deals †market analysts search for request stuns and additionally gracefully stuns. The rising accord is that the extraordinary exchange breakdown was generally an interest stun †in spite of the fact that gracefully side components assumed some job. The interest stun worked through two unmistakable however commonly strengthening channels: †¢Commodity costs †which tumbled when the rice bubble burst in mid 2008 †kept on following world interest in its descending winding. The value developments and decreased interest sent the worth and volume of items exchange jumping. †¢The creation and fares of assembling crumbled as the Lehman’s-instigated sudden stunning exhibition made purchasers and firms sit back and watch; private interest for all way of ‘postpone-able’ utilization smashed. This subsequent point was significantly enhanced by the extremely specific nature of the interest stun that hit the world’s economy in Se ptember 2008. Why so large? This accord see, in any case, is incomplete.It brings up the issue: If the exchange drop was request driven, for what reason was the exchange drop such a great amount of bigger than the GDP drop? The appropriate response gave by the rising accord is that the idea of the interest stun associated with â€Å"compositional† and â€Å"synchronicity† impacts to incredibly misrepresent the development of the exchange to-GDP proportion. Compositional impact The compositional impact turns on the curious idea of the interest stun. The interest stun was huge, yet in addition concentrated on a restricted scope of household esteem included exercises †the creation of â€Å"postponeable�

7 Business Buzzwords to Avoid! - Writing Tips with Proofed

7 Business Buzzwords to Avoid! - Writing Tips with Proofed 7 Business Buzzwords to Avoid! Language is an unpreventable piece of business composing and office life by and large. Be that as it may, there are sure popular expressions you should keep away from except if you need to seem like a corporate clichã ©! Here, at that point, are seven popular expressions words you should keep away from for not driving your partners to surrender. 1. Thinking Outside the Blue-Sky Box We’ve joined two or three terms here, yet â€Å"thinking outside the box† and â€Å"blue-sky thinking† are both so abused that we have to settle them. All things considered, they’re intended to be requests for creative intuition, so in any event utilize some creative mind when you request it! 2. Shoot the Puppy To â€Å"shoot the puppy† is to accomplish something edgy or terrible (like â€Å"bite the bullet†). And keeping in mind that we concur that shooting a doggy is â€Å"unpleasant,† we truly don’t need to picture canine brutality when we’re as of now in an unpleasant circumstance! How might you pull the trigger on something this charming? 3. Bio Break Without a doubt, you don’t need to broadly expound on your substantial capacities in the workplace. However, what wasn't right with â€Å"going to the bathroom†? At the point when individuals state they’re taking a â€Å"bio break,† it seems like they’re going on a naturally amicable excursion. What's more, it must stop here. 4. Cooperative energy Does anybody truly know what â€Å"synergy† implies any longer? It used to have a significant explicit importance: the expanded worth and execution created when two organizations cooperate. These days, however, we’re almost certain individuals are utilizing it since it sounds fancier than â€Å"cooperation.† 5. Open the Kimono At the point when we originally heard somebody offer to â€Å"open the kimono,† we quickly left the workplace inspired by a paranoid fear of what was to come. Be that as it may, regardless of whether we had realized that it implies â€Å"share information,† we’d still have made a fast exit, as strange trendy expressions alarm us nearly as much as dangers of open bareness. Kimonos are incredible, however please keep them shut at work. 6. Roused/Driven Take a gander at any resume and you’ll see individuals gloating about being â€Å"driven† or â€Å"motivated.† But shouldn’t these be the default? Whatever your activity, you should need to give a valiant effort! So adding â€Å"motivated† to your resume is somewhat similar to determining that you’ll be â€Å"awake† or â€Å"breathing† at work. 7. Mindshare In fact, â€Å"mindshare† alludes to how much buzz there is around an item or administration in the open awareness. To us, however, â€Å"mindshare† sounds increasingly like the name of an advanced informal community that has been embedded straightforwardly into our cerebrums to drive us to adore Mark Zuckerberg. Frightening stuff. After he picked up laser vision, we needed to regard him as a god.(Photo: Modified from unique by Jason McELweenie) Have we missed a terrible trendy expression? Or then again would you like to guard a portion of the language above? Leave us a remark or connect to tell us!

Sad Quotes About Life

Tragic Quotes About Life At the point when the heart is troubled with pain, nothing looks splendid. It is difficult to shake off the agony. The more you attempt to flee from it, the more it pursues you. So let us figure out how to confront our bitterness. Here are some pitiful statements about existence. Use them as a remedy for your downturn. Flush the antagonism out of your heart. Accept that life is great, and you get the opportunity to benefit as much as possible from it. Theres something addictive about misery. It resembles a medication that causes you to ache for misery. Simultaneously, you need to escape from it. The self centeredness, the self-expostulation, and the childishness keeps one floundering in anguish. It is a cover that keeps you unapproachable from the universe of happiness. Its opportunity to split away from this descending spiraling considerations. Self indulgence helps nobody, not in any case you. On the off chance that you need to proceed onward, think positive.â I can get pitiful, I can get baffled, I can get terrified, yet I never get discouraged - on the grounds that theres delight in my life. Michael J. Fox For every single dismal expression of tongue and pen, The saddest are these, It may have been. John Greenleaf Whittier No one merits your tears, however whoever merits them won't make you cry. Gabriel Garcia Marquez Each man has his mystery distresses which the world knows not; and as a rule we call a man cold when he is just miserable. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Its simple to cry when you understand that everybody you love will dismiss you or pass on. Toss Palahniuk Open your eyes, search inside. Is it accurate to say that you are happy with the life youre living? Bounce Marley The deplorability of life isn't so much what men endure, but instead what they miss. Thomas Carlyle Indeed, even a glad life can't be without a proportion of haziness, and the word upbeat would lose its significance on the off chance that it were not adjusted by misery. Carl Jung Mental fortitude and liveliness won't just convey you over the unpleasant places throughout everyday life, except will empower you to carry solace and help to the frail hearted and will reassure you in the miserable hours. William Osler Passing on appears to be less tragic than having lived pretty much nothing. Gloria Steinem Pity takes off on the wings of time. Jean de La Fontaine In spite of the fact that the world is loaded with affliction, it is likewise brimming with its defeating. Helen Keller I thought when love for you kicked the bucket, I should bite the dust. Its dead. Alone, most unusually, I live on. Rupert Brooke Desensitizing the torment for some time will exacerbate it when you at long last feel it. J. K. Rowling Trouble flies on the wings of the morning and out of the core of murkiness comes the light. Jean Giraudoux

Tips For Lesson Planning Better and Faster

Tips For Lesson Planning Better and Faster TeacherVision Advisory Board Member, Jeanne, explains what makes lesson planning challenging. She shares her ideas for how to get around those challenges so you stop dreading lesson planning, and start enjoying it. by Jeanne Wolz I remember a student once asking me what teachers did during their free periods during school. When I told her that part of what we do was plan lessons, she remarked, “Yeah, but how much time does that really take?” Much time. All the time. Literally endless amounts of time. And then once you finish, you have to do it all again tomorrow. Like grading, since planning time is limitless, it’s important to keep priorities in check and learn systems to streamline our process for making quality lesson plans. Let’s talk about what makes that challenging, and then some ideas for getting around those challenges. Challenges to Lesson Planning Its ever-presence on the to-do list Lesson-planning is one of those maddening tasks that repeats over and over again. And if you’re an elementary teacher or a secondary teacher with multiple preps, it’s a task that multiplies with each passing day. For many teachers, strategies for streamlining aren’t just nice to have, they’re necessary. The pressure for pizazz With the advent of social media and viral superhero-teacher news articles, the pressure to design the most elaborately creative unit has never been higher. Sometimes in the effort to be creative, the purpose and even effectiveness of lessons can be lost (along with the teacher’s sanity). The need for wide differentiation In a class of 25 students, it’s not uncommon to have 12 emergent multilinguals with separate home languages, 10 different learning disabilities, and an 8-grade-level range of skills. For many teachers, this is the norm--and it can sometimes make lesson planning feel like planning a trip to the moon. Planning for classroom management While in a much easier world, our students would be falling over themselves to participate in our beautifully designed lessons, the reality is that we teach real human beings. And real human beings don’t always want to participate the way we planned. Therefore, planning for classroom management is just as critical as planning for content. Solutions and Tips Work Work from a Backwards Plan By giving yourself a map of a unit or the year with just learning objectives or topics for each day, you at least have an idea of where to go the next day--not to mention a more cohesive unit. If you’re finding yourself planning day-to-day, do yourself a favor and take an hour or two to list your learning objectives for this unit, plan your major assessments, and then pace the learning objectives across the days of your unit. Thank me later. “Batch” your Planning One of the cardinal rules in productivity is to batch repetitive tasks--or in other words, do repetitive things all at once. For example, instead of planning every day for the following day, you take one day during the week and plan every day for the following week all at once. It saves time and improves your planning because it decreases the number of times you start and stop planning. The more you can do that, the less time it takes your brain to “re-calibrate” to your plans, and the deeper you’re able to go in your thinking about them. Set routines in your class structure and stick to them Developing a routine for your class gives you a template for lessons every day and also allows kids to know what to do and where to be every day. If you’re unsure what type of routine to do, a really common routine is the workshop model (which really is just a form of Gradual Release of Responsibility), where you start with a 10-15 minute whole-class lesson, have 3o minutes of individual, partner-, or group-work time, and then 5 minutes of share time.   Simplify When I was a student teacher, I would spend hours  picking what to teach (because I hadn’t made a unit plan), researching flashy ideas on the internet, and making beautiful Powerpoints and handouts. One night, I had a breakdown and asked for help. A mentor sat me down and asked me two questions: What skill do you want your students to walk away with at the end of the lesson? What would be the easiest way to teach that tomorrow? From then on, those questions completely changed the way I lesson planned. Make a habit of asking these two questions each time you plan. When you start with the basics of the lesson (learning objectives and core teaching strategies), it’s much easier to add bells and whistles later. And even if not, you’d be surprised how well students respond to a good, simple lesson plan. Identify and plan how to communicate expectations Sometimes your expectations for a lesson are crystal clear in your mind, other times you don’t realize you have them until your students are not doing those things. Either way, a critical part of lesson planning is identifying what your expectations are before every lesson plan, and then planning how you are going to communicate them to students. This aids immensely in smoothing out classroom management as well as increasing the lesson’s effectiveness. When everyone’s on the same page, everybody wins. Prioritize student work time over time when the spotlight’s on you Increasing the time when students are actively engaged not only takes the pressure off of you to prepare a 45-minute presentation every day, but makes the learning so much more meaningful. Students are able to actively engage with the learning, and you’re better able to jump around, differentiate, and assess for understanding. Whoever is doing the work is doing the learning--so it’s best to make sure that students are getting good work time in every day (and that you’re not up there sweating it out the entire period). Lesson planning can get time-consuming and overwhelming, but with some simple, smart strategies, you can not just increase the effectiveness of your plans, but decrease the time you’re spending on them.   What do you find challenging about lesson planning? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Jeanne Wolz taught middle school Writing and AVID in Illinois for four years in addition to serving as the English Department Chair. She holds a bachelor’s in English and Secondary Education and a master’s in Curriculum and Instruction. Currently, she teaches ESL, develops curriculum, and coaches new teachers. You can find more of her resources at www.teacheroffduty.com and follow her on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, or Pinterest.

Radio Waves and its Applications in the Modern World - 5500 Words

Radio Waves and its Applications in the Modern World (Research Proposal Sample) Content: RADIOWAVES AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN MODERN WORLDNAME OF AUTHORSNAME OF THE INSTITUTIONAuthorsinformationACKNOWLEDGMENTThis research was supported by American University Washington DC. We thank our colleagues from American University who provided insight, and expertise that greatly assisted the research and also supported us financially so that we can come up with this manuscript. We are very grateful. Thank you and God bless you all.Abstract- Radio Physics is a branch of physics which deals with the theoretical and experimental study of different kind of radiations: how radiations are emitted, their propagation and their interaction with the matter. Radiophysics, in short, can be described as the study of radio waves. This paper focuses on the study of radio waves, their history, their propagation i.e. how they travel between the medium and their applications in our modern day world. This paper aims at bringing to understanding the radio waves which are playing a very great role in modernising our environmentIndex Terms- Radio waves, wavelength, amplitude, propagation, frequency, electromagnetic radiation, transmitter, antennae, transmitters, emitters, wirelessHISTORY OF RADIO WAVESThey were first discovered by mathematical work done by James Clerk Maxwell a mathematical physicist on 1867 whereby Maxwell noticed wavelike properties of light and similarities in electrical and magnetic observation. Later James Clerk Maxwell developed a mathematical theory called Maxwell equations. He described radio waves as the waves of electromagnetism that travel in space which is radiated by the charged particles as they undergo acceleration.[8]In 1887, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated the reality of Maxwells electromagnetic waves by experimentally generating radio waves in his laboratory. As He studied the properties which were exhibited, He discovered that they had the same properties as the light i.e. Standing waves, refraction, diffraction, polarisation. Rad io waves were first used in the mid-1890s by Guglielmo Marconi an Italian inventor and electrical engineer who developed the first practical radio transmitters and receivers. [8]General radio timelineBelow are listed atimeline of the radio from 1880s-1990s which show how the discovery of radio waves has resulted in the various invention and adjustment up to our modern wireless communication which is widely known because of Mobile Phones and Radios.[5]1885- Heinrich Hertz proved that electricity can be transmitted in electromagnetic waves. He conducted experiments in sending and receiving these waves during the late 1880s.1891- Wireless Telegraph began to appear on ships at sea. This invention reduced the isolationof the ships which lead to improved reliability and safety1892-1893: Nikola Tesla wirelessly transmitted electromagnetic energy. He made the first public demonstration of radio in St Louis in 18931896-1897: Guglielmo Marconi filed for patent protection of his radio apparat us. He established the wireless telegraph and a signal company in 1897.1899: The R.F. Mathews was the first ship to request emergency assistance using a wireless apparatus i.e. Marconis System1901- First transAtlantic signal sent by Marconi from Ireland to Canada1902: Amateur radio introduced to the U.S. via a scientific article. i.e. How to Construct an Efficient Wireless Telegraphy Apparatus at a Small Cost.1906: Reginald Fessenden was the first to transmit a program of speech and music.1906: Lee Deforest produced the Audion, a triode vacuum tube that allowed for amplification of radio signals1910: First Radio transmission from an aeroplane1912: Federal regulation of American waves begins Amateurs had to be licensed; ships had to have a radio and trained operators1917: All U.S. radio station not needed by the government were shut downs1918: Edwin Armstrong patented the super Heterodyne receiver based on work he did as an officer in the Army Signal Corp.1927: The federal Radio Com mission established to bring order to chaotic airwaves.1947: Cellular radio telephone with call handoff and frequency re-use, was conceived at Bell Laboratories.1970: The FCC reallocated TV channels 70-83 for mobile radio services1985: The FCC permitted spread spectrum, the technology of choice for many of todays digital, commercial cellular and PCs services1992: The FCC reallocated spectrum at 2GHz for emerging digital mobile services.1995: The first cellular system using digital CDMA technology was commercially launched by QUALCOMM. [5]Understanding Radio WavesRadio waves are the type of magnetic radiation with a wavelength in the electronic spectrum longer than infrared light. They travel at the speed of light similarly to all other radiations. Radio waves can be generated in two ways i.e. naturally and artificially. Naturally occurring radio waves are generated by the lightning or astronomical objects. Artificial generated radio waves which are generated by a radio transmitter and then received by a radio receiver. [3]What are waves?A wave is an oscillation or disturbance which is accompanied by a transfer of energy that travels through a medium (space or mass) or the repeating and periodic disturbance that moves through a medium (a substance that carries wave) from one location to another. A wave has a certain speed, frequency, amplitude and wavelength. The following mathematical model is used to show therelationship between them:Speed= Frequency * WavelengthWavelength which is sometimes referred to as lambda is the distance measured from the point of one wave to the equivalent part of the next i.e. from the top of one peak to the next peak [1]Frequency is the number of whole waves that pass a fixed point in a period of time. Speed refers to how fast the wave travels. Speed is measured in meters/second, the frequency is measured in cycles per seconds (or Hertz, Hz), and wavelength is measured in meters. Amplitude is the distance from the centre of the wave to the extreme of one of its peaks (the height of the wave).The relationship between frequency, wavelength and amplitude are shown belowFig 1.1 [13]Propagation of Radio WavesPropagation of radio waves is the behaviour of radio waves as they are propagated, from one point to another, or into various part of the atmosphere. In the developing telecommunication services, it is crucial first to understand the propagation of radio waves which are used in the transmission of information from one place to another. Radio propagation is affected by the change in weather e.g. change in water vapour and ionisation in the upper atmosphere which is influenced by the sun. [1]Radio waves propagate in the space according to a different mechanism.(Flickenger, Aichele, Fonda, 2006) Namely:Free Space propagationReflectionLine of Sight PropagationTransmissionDiffractionScatteringWave Guiding(i) Free Space Propagation (Line of Sight)In this mechanism, a wave propagates without encountering any ob stacles between the medium. The surface of the wave is the set of all points reached at a certain time after the moment wave is emitted from a homogenous medium. The attenuation in free space propagation comes from the scattering of energy which occurs as the wave propagates away from the transmitter. Free space attenuation is a function of the distance and the frequency. The excess attenuation compared to free space attenuation is defined as the difference between the path loss and free path attenuation.(ii)RefractionThis is a phenomenon whereby vibrations or waves are reflected at a surface according to Snell-Descartes law. Snell-Descartes law is a formulaused to describe the relationship between the angle of incidenceand refraction when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two differentis, such as water, glass, or air. This phenomenon occurs when apropagating wave impinges upon a surface with large dimensions compared to the wavelength.It is found that the direction of an electromagnetic wave changes as it moves from an area of one refractive index to another. The angle of incidence and the angle of refraction are linked by Snell's Law that states:n1 sin (theta 1) = n2 sin (theta 2)For radio signals, there are comparatively few instances where the signals move abruptly from a region with one refractive index to a region with another. It is far more common for there to be comparatively gradual change. This causes the direction of the signal to bend rather than undergo an immediate change in direction.[12](iii)TransmissionThis Phenomenon is the process whereby vibrations or waves propagates through a medium for instance vacuum, the air or an obstacle, without a change of frequency according to Snell-Descartes law. Various transmissions are used to propagate waves through amedium. In Regular transmission, the wave propagates through an object without diffusion. In Diffuse transmission, a phenomenon of diffusion occurs at a macro scopic scale independent of refraction laws. The Transmission coefficient is defined as the ratio between the transmitted energy flux and the incident energy flux.[1](iv)DiffractionThis phenomenon occurs when waves impinge upon an obstacle or an aperture with large dimension compared to the wavelength. This Phenomenon is one of the most important factors in the propagation of radio waves and results in disturbances affecting the propagation of these waves, for instance, the bending of the path around an obstacle or beam divergence. CITATION Fli06 \l 1033 ((Flickenger, 2006)To understand the diffraction Huygenss principle is applied. Huygenss Principle states that each point ...

Database And Spreadsheets Of Metropolitan Geniuses (MG) Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1373 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2018/12/14 Category Information Systems Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction The following essay is a summary about the development of a secure and organized database and spreadsheets of Metropolitan Geniuses (MG) Company to be used in the Information System department. The essay will contain development of a sustainable database technology to run the spreadsheets used to list down contractors needed by their clients as MG is a SME company. The essay will give description on how the company prefers to make the database which should have eight named contractors files which are, database specialist, programmers, website specialists, network engineers, data security officers, designers, analysts, system testers and other. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Database And Spreadsheets Of Metropolitan Geniuses (MG) Company" essay for you Create order The essay will give a description for the development of a two filed table spreadsheets that contains clients and contractors information which are then linked to the access portal. The essay will outline the use of Access database in developing the spreadsheets for the clients and contractors explaining the advantage of Microsoft Access over other form data web servers to share reports with end-users. Spreadsheets and databases share some common characters but databases have a higher technical processing. They are used to store and manage different types of data, although database is the best used method of storing data as it stores data values in tables which make them appear organized because they are arranged in columns and rows. A single row in a table is known as a record and a single record contains a value for each column in a table. The use of database Microsoft Access is the best as it is accessed over the web because they run on servers. Running of a secure and well acc essed database one has to use a well established SQL platform and the database created with a good programming language. Access database offer a good manipulation of data, therefore developing such a database for MG is best suited using this form of database as they require various data in their system and can be able to be accessed by various clients on their access web. Access is a simple database solution for small and medium businesses and works best for even beginners starting to use the application. MG requested for a table of clients and contractors information, description, fields and even fees incurred. This kind of information to be able to be displayed and be organized well one requires Access application as it has good formats and calculates data smoothly. Use of VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) language is the best choice for such process as it will make the instructions needed to be executed easily using this language. Because Access allows importing of informati on from other Microsoft applications then the previous clients information and the contractors information needed can be copy pasted from the spreadsheets information acquired from the contractors like ID, name, and fees incurred are calculated. VBA will be the best language used to validate the data and even detect error. MG as a SME business will need to save on a cost that is why use of Access will provide the best solution as it doesnt need regular monitoring like using the client-server databases. Therefore as a small business like MG will need to invest just ones for an expert to develop a good database using VBA that can even be turned later to an application and not require a complex database at first as it requires only clients information matched with the contractors information to be displayed on their access web server. The data are placed in tables with the company which is the client. The company will contain the fields needed which are almost 15 and a Meta data for each individual field. Then we should have the contractors that are available to hire.The contractors to be listed are Database specialist, programmers, website specialists, network engineers, data security officers, designers, analysts, system testers and a place for others. The contractors field should also contain the required Meta data assigned for each individual field. Microsoft Access supports well such requirements for a database and even input of a refresh button for the clients part in the web access after the tables in the database are being linked as the clients wages incurred may vary with different contracts given out to contractors. Access application will allow various users to access the portal even the clients not listed on the database therefore help in marketing the company services. Developing of a simple database is the best start for the company because with time Access allows for a room of development as the business grows. The end users might not even noti ce major changes when such development is done. Using the SQL server is to manage the scalability as many users will be accessing the portal. Keeping the data in tables will make them flexible and sustainable thus introducing one contractor for each client to have a scalable data. The calculated fields that contain the contractors hours worked, rate per hours and gross pay can be exported to excel spreadsheets for analysis. Access however allows this kind of exportation to be stored for future reference thereby avoiding loss of data or mismanagement. After joining the tables in Microsoft Access portal an Access Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) provides the task of a flexible reporting and functionality within the application and makes the users task simple and easy. The best template to use on a share point server and the best stipulated is web-based template. This template will allow all the clients to view and decide on the best appropriate contractor it require s for a specific job. Therefore designing a web database for MG Company is the best process as the blank page can be filled with the tables created in the excel spreadsheets for the clients to access. Access has various features that make it easier for the end user to access the data in a neat and organized way, the ribbon being one of the features that contains five tabs that help in organizing and managing the content in Microsoft Access at the open window. The ribbon contains tabs, groups and commands. The tabs group can be customized to suite user requirements, thereby avoiding circumstances where everything fills up the screen at ones and makes it unorganized for users to access information. Microsoft Access also allows data to be created in electronic image files through the EXTERNAL DATA tab on the ribbon. These reports can be access externally by people who dont have Access installed like PDF being opened by Adobe reader and also can be shared on emails. Microsoft also ha s various features that make the way the reports are viewed with Report view being a very supportive view way. Report view allows users to view part of the report they prefer to view, therefore they can choose which fields they want to view on their reports. Like a specific contractor with their charges per hour. Summary It is obvious for humans not to embrace change as it is their nature. Access application though when absorbed in an organization especially in a small growing one is the best solution for a fast and sustainable report keeping and sharing technology that replace use of excel or other web data bases. Microsoft Access is the best step to take from use of excels with the growing digital world. Access offers various features as discussed and it does not require a major skill to develop a database for a business. It comes with the Microsoft software so cost of purchasing another application is reduced. Access is the way to go with the latest version for 2016 having better features to use like tell me feature that guides a user especially a new user planning to start using Microsoft Access. It has a high processing power for even complicated data that need additional outside analysis with the offer of joining SQL server to your Acess software. The use of RDMS assures of exact values being posted for viewers and reduction of error which is a major problem with companies using a normal spread sheet like excel. Reference list ? · 10 Powerful Features Of Microsoft Access | Edu CBA. eduCBA. N.p., 2017. Web. 14 Nov. 2017. ? · Microsoft Access Business Benefits: The Perfect Match -. Access Database Tutorial. N.p., 2017. Web. 14 Nov. 2017.

Women Inequality in the workplace - 1189 Words

INTRODUCTION This essay serves to look into the issue of women inequality in the workplace. This essay will explain the reason behind women equality in society and some of the disadvantages that women face in the workplace. Also, you will learn about the term â€Å"gender gap† which refers to the distribution of wages between men and women. It shows the difference in the pay between both genders in many career fields. Jobs and roles that women balance on a day to day basis so therefore I say, women are not the weaker sex but the stronger one. The root of women inequality Women inequality in society comes as a result of stereotyping. Throughout history women have taken the role of housewife, mother, and compared to a†¦show more content†¦In other words, 77 cents for every dollar men earns for performing the same task. Part of the pay gap can be attributed to the fact that, more often than men, women tend to engage in part type work or work in lower paid jobs. Women are associated with â€Å"pink collar jobs†. A pink collar job is associated to the types of jobs that are considered to be stereotypically female such as working as a waitress, nurse, teacher, or secretary. A common inequality issue in the workplace is pregnancy. When women get pregnant in the middle of their career, they have to take time off and go on maternity leave. Also, as mothers, women who are working just simply can’t work as many hours as men do and because women can’t work overtime or travel frequently they often get passed up for promotions. This is seen as fair because women are putting in fewer hours for work. However, it is not the lower work hours that prevent women from reaching work equality it is because the workplace can be structured in such a way that it forces women to take up a larger share of responsibility in the household. If the organization does not pay maternity leave it takes away the couple’s choice of equally dividing household duties, because both parents risk their jobs in taking lower hours to split domestic responsibilities. Sexual Harassment is another major disadvantage. Sexual harassment is any sexual advance or conduct on the job that creates an intimidatingShow MoreRelatedThe Inequality Of The Workplace Towards Women845 Words   |  4 Pageslegally accommodate pregnant female workers for minor requests. It has been thought that women make 77 cents to every man’s dollar but, that’s a myth. Because, if you would adjust for vacation time and, the profession of choice. Statistics show that females make 91 cents to every man’s dollar. This is why this research essay will give you further details to why there’s inequality in the workplace towards women. Gender roles have many occupations meaning they are related with masculine or feminineRead MoreGender Inequality : The Workplace Against Women2153 Words   |  9 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace against Women SOCI 3432 M50 Professor Stockton April 26, 2016 Shandrika Jackson Over the last ninety years, women have battled to become equal with men in all aspects of life and work (Parcheta, 2013). Male domination and power has become the social assumption as gendered occupations and beliefs have been projected throughout society as the status quo. Though challenging, this status quo is still present. Women have manufactured huge developments in careerRead MoreGender Inequality And Women During The Workplace Essay881 Words   |  4 Pageshours a week with only 30.6 for women, and married men worked longer hours than married women. Also, more than half a million women in 2011 were looking after home/family compared with only 9,600 men (Gender Equality In Ireland). 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According to Ryan and Branscombe (2013), gender discrimination has been defined as the differential treatment members of one group receive compared to another by many socialRead MoreGender Inequality In Australia Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesWestern women have traditionally been perceived as the inferior sex, or the domestic partner, subjected wholly to the private sphere, and stripped of legal rights and standing. Meanwhile, men are depicted as the breadwinner, the strong, masculine and dominant partner, who belongs primarily to the public sphere. These historic gender norms have been deeply imbedded within Australia’s social foundation, and although society has gr adually shifted away from these roles, evidence suggests that this genderRead MoreInequality Discrimination On The Workplace1607 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasing variety in organizations, several inequalities in the workplace have happened. In spite of the regulation policies which have limited inequalities on the workplace, it still exists, because of personal characteristics, such as gender, age and different race (Allan, C Mcphail, R Wilkinson, A 2008, p. 225). Inequality in the workplaces can be defined as the unfair discrimination relating to things, such as wage differentials between men and women, unfair practices and unfairness opportunitiesRead MoreGender Inequality863 Words   |  4 PagesFischer Gender Inequality in a Global Perspective What is Gender Inequality? Like others, a social problem that is widespread in American society is Gender inequality. It is a problem that has had a negative impact on American society. Gender inequality can be found in many sub-systems of America. It is important to understand what gender inequality is in order to identify and correct the problem. Two sub-systems that gender inequality can be found are in the family and in the workplace. Gender inequalityRead MoreGender Issues Associated With Age, Gender, Ethnicity Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pageswhich will particularly incorporate a discussion of gender relations, stereotyping and sources of inequality. The purpose of this essay is to fundamentally consider how organisational culture, norms of work, stereotypes and son on may impact on the opportunities people have. I am going to focus on the inequalities and who does what sort of work in the general workforce and more particularly, on women s roles. The given tv programmes are Shortland Street, Dr Ken and A ge discrimination from channelRead MoreGender Inequality Of The Workplace1255 Words   |  6 Pages Fact or Fiction: Gender Inequality in the Workplace Will respect resolve the gender inequality issue in the workplace? While there s always going to be a person who craves more money because greed is a major factor in why respect is in decline in the workplace. Gender inequality is prevalent in the workplace, but we can bridge the gap if more people had respect for their counterparts. Enforcing this amongst employees will cut down on discrimination lawsuit cases and these companies can growRead MoreWorkplace Gender Inequality Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Gender Inequality Gender inequality is currently a hot topic in our society. From education, to the entertainment industry, and more importantly, our daily lives, gender inequality has created a powerful divide between females and males with the seemingly same qualifications and background. The same trend follows in the workplace, females are less likely to hold positions of authority compared to their equivalent male counterparts. This is a key contributor to the lack of gender equality

Race, Gender And Age Discrimination - 896 Words

Race, Gender and Age Discrimination in America America’s motto is based upon a strong belief of freedom and liberty for all, but does everyone truly receive these benefits? When looking in America’s past one sees that these perfect ideals are hardly met by historical records of discrimination and racism throughout the past. Although not as ambiguous, the following show that race, gender inequality and discrimination still pose issues in America’s culture and are prevalent in today’s society Most people in America identify themselves as multi racial-that is having more than one ethnicity in their biological make up â€Å"9.1 million people in the U.S. identify themselves as multiracial† (Pearson Education Ppt Ch 3 Slide 4, 2015). Known as the melting pot, America recognizes that the internal make up of the country comes from many different social entities. However, the Caucasian white people have been the social domination of American society. Going all the way back to the civil war, one can see the challenge of race matters that plague America. While leaps and bounds have been made since that historical period, racism still exists in today’s culture. Those specifically struggling are African Americans and Hispanic Americans. Since the civil rights movement in the 60s, many Black and under privileged minorities strived to make successful lives and live equally to the deemed well-off white people. However there still seems to be a glass ceiling for those in top positions andShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Based On Age, Race, Gender, And Sexual Preferences1344 Words   |  6 Pagesencountering strong opposition in Congress. I have been wanting to become a part of this change so I am going to be the one to create a group of grassroots activists. I want to make the difference over this ongoing controversial issue of discrimination based on age, race, gender, and sexual preferences. The current status of the issue concludes mostly with Africans, Hispanics, Muslims, and t he LGBT community. As individuals, we have the basic human rights that â€Å"All men are created equal, that they are endowedRead MorePublic School System Of Discrimination Based On Their Gender, Race, Ethnicity, Sexual Preference, Or Age1741 Words   |  7 Pagesa teacher was denied a promotion and accused the public school system of discrimination based on their gender, race, ethnicity, sexual preference, or age. Then, find an example for two different criteria, one for each case. Last, state three reasons that her / his accusation could be legally supported after you identify the supporting case. Research two cases in which a teacher was denied a promotion based on discrimination The first case is EEOC v. Thomasville City Schools, Civil Action No. 1:10-CV-00686Read MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Tips For Executives, Managers, And Students1261 Words   |  6 Pages David A. 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Unfortunately, prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejud ices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. This tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfairRead MoreWhen People Think Of Discrimination, They Tend To Think1254 Words   |  6 Pagespeople think of discrimination, they tend to think back to older times of slavery, racism, and an underdeveloped country. Sadly, discrimination actual plays a large role in the workplace of today. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, sexuality, etc.† according to the Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge University Press 1). Discrimination comes in manyRead MoreEthics of Workplace Discrimination Essay1434 Words   |  6 Pageswrong moral behavior in the work environment. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especia lly on the grounds of race, age, or sex.† (Oxford Dictionary) Workplace discrimination deals with issues such as religion, race, gender, disability, age, and sexual orientation. Covering all of these issues is beyond the scope of this paper, therefore, I will focus on age, gender, and race. Positive workplace ethics should be a part ofRead More The Great Recession of 2007: Job Discrimination in the United States1403 Words   |  6 Pagescompanies are willing to discriminate to obtain employees in a down economy. In a recession, organizations use discriminatory practices with a person’s race, gender, and age despite equal opportunity laws in the United States. Equal Employment Opportunity has laws and regulations that provide protection to members of a certain group. Discrimination is recognizing differences among people or items (Mathis Jackson , 2009). If an employee is discriminated upon by the protected categories, a companyRead MoreEssay on Discrimination in America1155 Words   |  5 Pagessome sort of discrimination. Discrimination can be defined as treating people differently, negatively or adversely without having a good reason. It is an act making distinction in favor of or against a person based on their group, class or category. There are four major types of discrimination which are gender discrimination, racial and ethnic discrimination, age discrimination and disability discrimination. The first type of discrimination is gender discrimination. Gender discrimination involvesRead MoreDifferences Between Race And Ethnicity960 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the similarities and differences between race and ethnicity and give and give an example of each. James M. Henslin defines race as â€Å"a group of people with inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group† (2014). Meanwhile, ethnicity â€Å"refers to cultural characteristics† (Henslin, 2014). The difference mostly relies in a similar argument to the classic nature versus nurture argument. Race is what a person genetically inherits. Whether it may be skin tone or anatomicalRead MoreInequality Discrimination On The Workplace1607 Words   |  7 Pagesworkplace have happened. In spite of the regulation policies which have limited inequalities on the workplace, it still exists, because of personal characteristics, such as gender, age and different race (Allan, C Mcphail, R Wilkinson, A 2008, p. 225). Inequality in the workplaces can be defined as the unfair discrimination relating to things, such as wage differentials between men and women, unfair practices and unfairness opportunities, particularly with regard to employment of people of different

Shedding Light on the Reasons for Inequality in Stuck in...

In his book, Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhood and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality, Patrick Sharkey sheds a light on wide range of reasons that contribute to the persistent racial inequality among the American society. He also draws attention to the intergenerational neighborhood effects on mobility level (the ability to move upward, or downward in terms of the economic status, education, and occupation) of the residents of destitute areas. In this extension, I am going to present a study that was done on 14 Bangalore slum communities in India, and highlight the main issues that Sharkey included in his book. In the beginning of the book, Sharkey mentioned the idea that people are usually stuck in destitute areas for multiple generations. The inheritance of disadvantaged conditions same applies with slum dwellers in Bangalore. The study â€Å"Stuck in Place: Investigating Social Mobility in 14 Bangalore Slums† by Krishna found that majority of slum dwellers have liv ed in slum communities, for more than four consecutive generations in the same living conditions. There are myriad of factors that contribute to the noticeable inheritance of disadvantage living, the most notable one mentioned by Sharkey is preference. Since India has a system of stratification as a part of the social structure of the society, the study found that people who live in slums prefer to be in places that share familiar contextual environment. Venturing outside the community borders is not

What’s wrong with Walmart Free Essays

Adding to the articles provided in the class, I chose â€Å"Walmart Mexico Bribery Case† and â€Å"Walmart Offers Jobs to Veterans†. Reading these articles, I once more thought that Walmart is a huge company. Walmart employs about 1. We will write a custom essay sample on What’s wrong with Walmart? or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4 million people in the United States. They operate more than 10,800 retail units under 69 banners in 27 countries. In 2013, the magazine ‘Fortune’ ranked Walmart as a biggest company in the United States. These numbers all show that Walmart is a large company and it is hard to operate. Walmart have a central office in Arkansas, and the chief executive and board member make all the important decisions and policy of the company. However, if the company has so many employees and the shops, it is difficult to control all the employees. Thus in the ‘Pollutant Dumping Case’, the Walmart California store improperly disposed hazardous waste. The central office had a comprehensive and industry-leading hazardous waste program, but this issue made it clear that some of the workers were not aware how to handle hazardous waste. Additionally, the other article was about the Walmart protest movement. At first, I did not know about the OUR Walmart, but I was surprised to find this organization. I could not find out how big the organization is, but the existence of OUR Walmart itself tells us that Walmart have many workers and the worker’s opinion is hard to reach to the chief executive. As a result they make protest movements to claim for better wages and improved working conditions. All in all, the recent Walmart issue is the evidence that the central office is struggling to control all of the shops in the U. S. and the other countries. All of the big companies with shops in many locations will suffer to manage the workers. To solve this problem it is necessary to make manual, guidelines, instructions, hotlines, help lines, and audits. If the company failed to make these systems and have a high commitment with the top manager, the company will likely to corrupt or make mistakes like Walmart. How to cite What’s wrong with Walmart?, Papers

Training On Safety Measures And Performance †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about theTraining On Safety Measures And Performance. Answer: Training. The most appropriate standard operating procedure to be incorporated in the workplace will be safety measures along with maximum productivity in the industry (Maslow, 2013). The workgroup will apply the standard operating procedure to bring maximum productivity and by applying safety measures the workers will be able to deliver the objectives of the industry (Marylene, 2014). The skills and expertise used by this workgroup will offer training to workers so as to achieve these objectives. The simulated workgroup to be considered in training on safety measures and performance procedures will be the group members whose objectives are oriented in the organizational standard operating procedure. From skill matrix asserted in appendix 2, the following results rate the level of employees based on standard operating Employee 1 Employee 2 Employee 3 Employee 4 Standard operating procedures. 1. Response to safety measures Untrained Learner Operator Trainer 2. How to use safety measure in productivity (Richard, 2013). Operator Untrained Learner Operator 3. Skills to respond to hazards for safety measures. Practitioner Trainer Untrained Trainer References Arnold, J. (2010). Coaching Skills for Leaders in the Workplace: How to Develop, Motivate and Get the Best from Your Staff. How to Books. Kanungo, R.N., Manuel, M. (2014). Work Motivation: Models for Developing Countries. Sage Publication put. Marylene, G. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation and Self-Determination Theory. OUP USA. Maslow, A.H. (2013). A Theory of Human Motivation. Start Publishing LLC. McGregor, D. (2012). The Human Side of Enterprise. New York, 21. Richard, A. (2013). Job Satisfaction from Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Perspective. Grin publishing

Ricci V. Destefano Essay Example For Students

Ricci V. Destefano Essay Ricci v. DeStefano Supreme Court of the United States 129 S. Ct. 2658; 174 L. Ed. 2d 490 (2009) April 22,2009, Argued June 29, 2009, Decided This 2009 Supreme Court decision was a result of alleged racial discrimination with regard to internal promotions of nineteen New Haven, Connecticut firefighters. New Haven city officials invalidated test results when no Blacks scored high enough to meet the minimum score necessary to be eligible for promotion. Therefore, the White and Hispanic candidates that did pass with the necessary scores felt they had been discriminated against based on their race. The city decided not to certify the test results because of the disproportionate number of white candidates in comparison to minorities, and in order to avoid potential liability for discrimination. The Connecticut fire department sued and argued that their rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause were violated. The case was argued in the United States Supreme Court where it was affirmed that the city improperly discarded the exam results in order to achieve a more desirable racial distribution of promotion-eligible candidates. The case was then sent to the United States Court of Appeals for redetermination. Justice Ginsburg clearly does not agree with the idea of race neutrality. She argues whether or not city of New Haven had just cause to invalidate the test. She notes in her dissent that the city is comprised of more African Americans and Hispanics than any other race, alluding to the view that the fire department needed more of these races in commanding positions. Ginsburg writes, â€Å"In making hiring and promotion decisions, public employers often relied on criteria unrelated to job performance† and â€Å"relying heavily on written tests to select fire officers is a questionable practice. † In reference to employment qualification testing, I am confident that companies will continue to use this method as a means of seeking and hiring potential candidates. Typically, those involved with the hiring process should be aware of the risks, benefits and costs involved in testing. Personality tests are sometimes used for those candidates, whether internal or external, seeking anagement positions. Another form of testing involves ensuring that potential candidates are free of any negative problems that would prevent a person from performing in the job, such as a drug test. Eligibility tests are used to ensure that the potential candidate is capable of performing the requirements of the job, including eye exams or achievement or aptitud e tests. With so many people seeking positions in today’s economy, it is important for employers to remain compliant with the laws in order to avoid unnecessary lawsuits.

Witch Hunts And Church Essays - Witchcraft, Magic,

Witch Hunts And Church I am a witch, now please kill me! Many innocent women happily welcomed death by confessing to witchcraft in order to end their excruciating torture during the witch hunt craze between 1450 and 1750. Since many records were lost, destroyed or never kept, the best estimation of the total deaths is several million (4). The main cause of the witch hunts was the Church inflicting fear upon the common and educated man by lying to them about what witches do and who they are. The Church also directly and indirectly increased the pain that accused women would go through during their torture. The Church made it clear, to all those who would listen, that all women were evil and capable of witchcraft. "The Bible's Apocrypha states, ?Of woman came the beginning of sin / And thanks to her, we all must die.'(Apocrypha, Ecclesiasticus 25:13-26.)" (2). Vicious comments like this caused even women themselves to fear what other women may do. This fear only lead to the distrust of woman. A book written by two German men, titled Malleus Maleficarum, "The Hammer of Witches", only furthered peoples fear of women's evil. It states that women are more likely to become witches: "?Because the female sex is more concerned with things of the flesh then men; because being formed from a man's rib, they are only ?imperfect animals' and ?crooked' where as man belongs to a privileged sex from whose midst Christ emerged.' (Malleus Maleficarum, 1486)"(2). The men that wrote Malleus Maleficarum refer to the bible for reasons to why they consider women evil, so if the Church had never incorporated such things into the bible such things may have never been thought. Many ancient myths portrayed goddess's as evil. Consequently those images of evil were kept and later attached to witches who kept goddess worship alive centuries later (4). Even devotion to the Virgin Mary (who is the biological mother of Jesus) was considered an indication of evil (2). One women, named Aldonca de Vargas, was even reported just for smiling at the mention of the Virgin Mary (Henry Kamen, Inquisition and Society in Spain) (2). Once a women was accused of witchcraft she would first have to confess in order to be executed. The torturing of accused women was so unbelievably horrid and sadistic that you would think a man of low standing would be the one to carry it out, but sadly it was the men of educated positions such as bishops, judges, professors and others. By doing the torture themselves it set them in a position of fear throughout the community and it is even said that "after the execution of a wealthy witch, officials [would treat] themselves to a banquet at the expense of the victim's estate. (Barbara Walker)"(2). All of the victim's estate became the property of the government as soon as they were accused. The torture was done in such a businesslike fashion that the relatives were charged for the victims torture and death (4). They were charged for such things as the "ropes that bound them and the wood that burned them. (Barbara Walker)."(2). Some methods of torturing the accused witches into confessing were thumbscrews, whips, red-hot tongs, and the rack, this lead to there bones being crushed, limbs severed and flesh seared. After being locked up and tortured for days on end, most women would confess in order to die and some would also accuse neighbors and friends hoping to end their own pain (4). Another method of determining the guilt of the accused was to stab needles into her eyes and if an insensitive spot was found then she was considered guilty. A Spanish church even went as far as to conform a statue of the Virgin Mary into a device of torture. They did this by covering the front side of the statue with sharp knives and nails, then they used levers to make the arms of the statue crush the accused against the knives and nails (Jean Plaidy, The Spanish Inquisition) (2). Men would also brutally attack the breasts and genitals of accused witches if they became sexually aroused around her, because it was thought that the ?witch' caused them to be. They attacked the breasts and genitals with pincers, red-hot irons and pliers (2). The Churches not only condoned all method's of witch torture but some church members would even perform the torture themselves. A bishop of Wurtzburg was proud to claim the lives of 1900 witchcraft accused people in five years (2). "Churchmen

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How Napoleon Became Emperor of France

How Napoleon Became Emperor of France Napoleon Bonaparte first took political power in France through a coup against the old government, but he had not instigated it: that had principally been the plotting of Sieyes. What Napoleon did was to capitalize on the situation in order to dominate the new ruling Consulate and gain control of France by creating a constitution which bound his interests to many of the most powerful people in France: the landowners. He was then able to use this to leverage his support into being declared Emperor. The passage of a leading general through the end of a revolutionary series of governments and into an emperor was not clear and could have failed, but Napoleon showed as much skill in this area of politics as he did on the battlefield. Why the Landowners Supported Napoleon The revolution had stripped the land and wealth from the churches and much of the aristocracy and sold it to landowners who were now terrified that royalists, or some sort of comprise government, would strip them of it, in turn, and restore it. There were calls for the return of the crown (small at this point, but present), and a new monarch would surely rebuild the church and aristocracy. Napoleon thus created a constitution which gave many of these landowners power, and as he said they should retain the land (and allowed them to block any movement of land), ensured that they would, in turn, support him as leader of France. Why Landowners Wanted an Emperor However, the constitution only made Napoleon First Consul for ten years, and people began to fear what would happen when Napoleon left. This allowed him to secure the nomination of the consulship for life in 1802: if Napoleon didn’t have to be replaced after a decade, land was safe for longer. Napoleon also used this period to pack more of his men into government while debasing the other structures, further increasing his support. The result was, by 1804, a ruling class which was loyal to Napoleon, but now worrying what would happen on his death, a situation exacerbated by an assassination attempt and their First Consul’s habit of leading armies (hed already nearly been killed in battle and would later wish he had been). The expelled French monarchy was still waiting outside the nation, threatening to return all ‘stolen’ property: could they ever come back, such as had happened in England? The result, enflamed by Napoleon’s propaganda and his family, was the idea that Napoleon’s government must be made hereditary so hopefully, on Napoleon’s death, an heir who thought like his father would inherit and safeguard land. Emperor of France Consequently, on May 18th, 1804, the Senate – who had all been chosen by Napoleon - passed a law making him Emperor of the French (he had rejected king as both too close to the old royal government and not ambitious enough) and his family was made hereditary heirs. A plebiscite was held, worded so that if Napoleon had no children – as he hadn’t at that point – either another Bonaparte would be selected or he could adopt an heir. The result of the vote looked convincing on paper (3.5 million for, 2500 against), but it had been massaged at all levels, such as automatically casting yes votes for everyone in the military. On December 2, 1804, the Pope was present as Napoleon was crowned: as agreed beforehand, he placed the crown on his own head. Over the next few years, the Senate and Napoleon’s Council of State dominated the government of France – which in effect meant just Napoleon – and the other bodies withered away. Although the constitution didn’t require Napoleon to have a son, he wanted one, and so divorced his first wife and married Marie-Louise of Austria. They swiftly had a son: Napoleon II, King of Rome. He would never rule France, as his father would be defeated in 1814 and 1815, and the monarchy would return but he would be forced to compromise.

How Post-World War Ii Technology Changed America Essay Example

How Post How Post-World War Ii Technology Changed America Essay How Post-World War Ii Technology Changed America Essay How Post-World War II Technology Changed America 5/3/2012 AMH 2020- Yellow Class Angelika Vasquez Professor Brian Milner During the post-World War II era everything in our nation seemed to change. The post-World War II era had significant technological advances that changed politics, the economy, and the way people interacted with one another. Three of the biggest technological advances during this era were the introduction of the atomic bomb, television, and space race technology. 945 to 1949, the Atomic bomb changed politics and introduced the military industrial complex. Television, in the 1950’s, changed the way people thought. During the 1960’s there were many new space race technologies introduced that changed the way Americans received information. The atomic bomb, television, and space race technology significantly changed America. Atomic Bomb Cold War- Julius and Ethel Rosenberg After Dwight D. Eisenhower left office, he warned about the growing influence of th e military-industrial complex, in American government and life. The military-industrial complex was first coined by Eisenhower, during his farewell address in 1961. This complex defines the combined effort of big business and the military to press for an ever-increasing share of national resources for the development of new weapons. Many politicians during this time believed that the military-industrial complex promoted policies that were not in the best interest for America, and that the growth of the military-industrial complex could perhaps undermine American democracy. The Cold War had created a warfare state. Because of the atomic bomb, civil defense drills required people to crawl under their desks at work or school; high schools named their football teams The Atoms; and songwriters wrote about the end of the world. Movies warned of the dangers of the bomb or made grim jokes about the fate of humanity. In the late 1940’s, faced with the possibility of a nuclear war, Americans began building bomb shelters. Bomb shelters were built in either your backyard or your basement that were meant to offer substantial protection. Television By the late 1950’s, almost ninety percent of American homes had a television set. Television transformed the way Americans did politics. During the Kennedy versus Nixon election, television played a key role in their election campaigns. During the Kennedy-Nixon debates, Kennedy had more of an appeal than Nixon. Although campaigns were already relying less on political parties and more on money before the introduction of the television, television helped accelerate this idea. John F. Kennedy emerged with a disputable national vote plurality over Richard M. Nixon by a razor’s edge of . 7 percent in popular vote (49. 72% to 49. 55%) that converted into a 303 to 219 Electoral College victory. Some historians believe that without the television, Kennedy would not have won the 1960 election. In fact, John F. Kennedy himself stated that, â€Å"we wouldn’t have had a prayer without that gadget. † Besides affecting politics, television also transformed American cul ture. The average American viewer spent a little over five hours a day in front of a television screen. American television was paid for by private enterprise, unlike Europe’s government financed television. During the mid 1950’s advertisers spent an estimate ten billion dollars to push their advertisements on the air. Television transformed American culture into a consumer culture. Television also changed the way Americans live, and the ideology which Americans lived by. Popular television series, such as Leave It To Beaver, portrayed the ideal family as a male breadwinner, a woman full-time homemaker, and three or four children. On television, married women did not have paying jobs and depended on their husbands. Americans began getting married at a younger age and the birthrate soared. Space Race Technology Microwaves Cell Phones Home Computer Bibliography Atomic Culture. Social Culture. centennialofflight. gov/essay/Social/atomic_culture/SH23. htm (accessed May 3, 2012). Renka, Russell. The 1960 Kennedy v. Nixon Election. The Modern Presidency. cstl-cla. semo. edu/renka/ui320-75/presidents/kennedy/1960_election. asp (accessed May 3, 2012). Roark, James L.. Understanding the American promise: a brief history. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. [ 1 ]. Roark, James L.. Understanding the American promise: a brief history. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. 717. [ 2 ]. Atomic Culture. Social Culture. centennialofflight. gov/essay/Social/atomic_culture/SH23. htm (accessed May 3, 2012). [ 3 ]. Renka, Russell. The 1960 Kennedy v. Nixon Election. The Modern Presidency. cstl-cla. semo. edu/renka/ui320-75/presidents/kennedy/1960_election. asp (accessed May 3, 2012). [ 4 ]. Roark, James L.. Understanding the American promise: a brief history. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. 765. [ 5 ]. IBID, 764.